Carbon Storage
Growing trees absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, emit oxygen and store carbon. Carbon remains locked in the wood for the life of the piece of timber until it rots, decays or is burnt.
India’s native forests, timber plantations and wood products are all net absorbers of greenhouse gases, reducing India’s overall greenhouse gas emissions by almost 5% annually. The combination of carbon sequestration in growing trees and the long term carbon storage in wood products represents a significant store of carbon for India.
Low Embodied Energy
The embodied energy of a building can be lowered by using locally available, natural materials that are both durable and recyclable, with a design that incorporates components that are easy to recover and reuse, within a structure that is easy to dissemble and dismantle.
Timber can create buildings with low embodied energy. It is often locally available and it is natural, durable and recyclable. Its versatility and light weight means it can be designed to be easy to disassemble, recover, reuse and/or recycle.
Recent research by the Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Accounting compared the amount of greenhouse gas emissions generated by the manufacture of timber products, with the amount of emissions generated by other common building materials. The results showed that by substituting timber in the construction of a typical family home, greenhouse gas emissions, equivalent to upto 25 tonnes of carbon dioxide, could be saved.
Recycling Wood Waste
Particleboard manufacturers increasingly utilize recycled wood packaging and off cuts in the production of new particleboards. Animal bedding, mulch and composts continue to make excellent use of the natural moisture retaining properties of timber and more & more timber salvaged in the demolition of large buildings is finding new life as features in contemporary designer buildings.
The environmental benefits of such reuse are obvious – not only is the service life of the timber extended (and with it the need for a new product eliminated) but in addition, the carbon contained within the recycled timber is stored for the life of the new product.
When wood residue from timber processing cannot be recycled it can still be used to produce biomass energy. Biomass energy is a renewable energy, sourced from natural materials like wood, which is then generated into heat or electricity.
Life Cycle Analysis
The life cycle analysis of timber follows the piece of wood from harvesting, manufacture, construction and product life to recycling and disposal. Life cycle assessments of common alternative construction materials (like cement and aluminium) have shown that many other materials require larger energy inputs during manufacturing. This energy is typically sourced from non-renewable fossil fuels. In contrast the manufacture of wood products typically requires far less energy.